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RestFramework：四、认证组件
一、创建LoginAuth类完成认证过程
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使django支持 framework
在settings.py中的INSTALLED_APPS字段添加：
"rest_framework"
urls.py
url(r'^login/', views.Login.as_view()), url(r'^books/', views.Books.as_view()),
models.py
from django.db import models # Create your models here. class UserInfo(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=32) # 写choice user_choice=((0,'普通用户'),(1,'会员'),(2,'超级用户')) # 指定choice,可以快速的通过数字,取出文字 user_type=models.IntegerField(choices=user_choice,default=0) pwd = models.CharField(max_length=32) class UserToken(models.Model): token = models.CharField(max_length=64) user = models.OneToOneField(to=UserInfo) class Book(models.Model): nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) name = models.CharField(max_length=32) price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2) publish_date = models.DateField() publish = models.ForeignKey(to='Publish', to_field='nid', on_delete=models.CASCADE) authors = models.ManyToManyField(to='Author') def __str__(self): return self.name class Author(models.Model): nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) name = models.CharField(max_length=32) age = models.IntegerField() author_detail = models.OneToOneField(to='AuthorDatail', to_field='nid', unique=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE) class AuthorDatail(models.Model): nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) telephone = models.BigIntegerField() birthday = models.DateField() addr = models.CharField(max_length=64) class Publish(models.Model): nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) name = models.CharField(max_length=32) city = models.CharField(max_length=32) email = models.EmailField() def __str__(self): return self.name def test(self): return self.email
迁移数据库
python3 manage makemigrations
python3 manage migrate
app01/MySerializer.py
from rest_framework import serializers from app01 import models class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = models.Book fields='__all__'
views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import JsonResponse
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from app01 import models
import hashlib
import time
from django.core.exceptions import ObjectDoesNotExist
from app01 import MySerializer
# Create your views here.
def get_token(name):
# 生成一个md5对象
md5 = hashlib.md5()
# 往里添加值,必须是bytes格式
# time.time()生成时间戳类型,转成字符串,再encode转成bytes格式
md5.update(str(time.time()).encode('utf-8'))
md5.update(name.encode('utf-8'))
return md5.hexdigest()
class Login(APIView):
authentication_classes = []
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
response = {'status': 100, 'msg': '登录成功'}
name = request.data.get('name')
pwd = request.data.get('pwd')
try:
user = models.UserInfo.objects.get(name=name, pwd=pwd)
# 校验通过,登录成功,生成一个随机字符串(身份标识)token
token = get_token(name)
# 保存到数据库
# update_or_create更新或者创建
models.UserToken.objects.update_or_create(user=user, defaults={'token': token})
response['token'] = token
except ObjectDoesNotExist as e:
response['status'] = 101
response['msg'] = '用户名或密码错误'
except Exception as e:
response['status'] = 102
# response['msg']='未知错误'
response['msg'] = str(e)
return JsonResponse(response, safe=False)
from rest_framework import exceptions
class LoginAuth():
# 函数名必须叫这个名字，接收必须两个参数，第二个参数是request对像
def authenticate(self, request):
# 从request对像中取出token （也可以从其他地方中取）
token = request.query_params.get('token')
# 去数据库中查询
ret = models.UserToken.objects.filter(token=token)
if ret:
# 可以查到，说明认证通过，返回空
return None
# 否则会报异常
raise exceptions.APIException('认证失败')
from rest_framework.request import Request
# class Books(APIView):
# # 列表中类型不能加括号
# authentication_classes = [LoginAuth, ]
#
# def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# response = {'status': 100, 'msg': '查询成功'}
# # 必须登录以后,才能获取数据
# # 取出token,取数据库验证,是否登录
# token = request.query_params.get('token')
# ret = models.UserToken.objects.filter(token=token)
# if ret:
# # 认证通过,是登录用户
# ret = models.Book.objects.all()
# book_ser = MySerializer.BookSerializer(ret, many=True)
# response['data'] = book_ser.data
# else:
# response['status'] = 101
# response['msg'] = '认证不通过'
# return JsonResponse(response, safe=False)
# 与上面的Books类功能一样，但比上面的那个更加简洁。
class Books(APIView):
# 列表中类型不能加括号
authentication_classes = [LoginAuth, ]
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
response = {'status': 100, 'msg': '查询成功'}
ret = models.Book.objects.all()
book_ser = MySerializer.BookSerializer(ret, many=True)
response['data'] = book_ser.data
return JsonResponse(response, safe=False)数据库中添加数据测试：
使用Postman测试：
功能：登录后方可查看书的详情信息
使用数据库中的用户名与密码登录服务：
使用token登录来验证查询书的详情信息
若是token验证不成功，就会返回：
二、认证组件的全局使用与局部使用
urls.py、models.py、不变
局部使用：
views.py
from app01.MyAuth import LoginAuth
class Books(APIView):
# 列表中类型不能加括号
# 认证组件局部使用
authentication_classes = [LoginAuth, ]
# 认证组件，局部禁用 authentication_classes = []
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
response = {'status': 100, 'msg': '查询成功'}
ret = models.Book.objects.all()
book_ser = MySerializer.BookSerializer(ret, many=True)
response['data'] = book_ser.data
return JsonResponse(response, safe=False)app01/MyAuth.py
from rest_framework import exceptions
from app01 import models
# 用dnf 认证，写一个类
class LoginAuth():
# 函数名必须叫这个名字，接收必须两个参数，第二个参数是request对像
def authenticate(self, request):
# 从request对像中取出token （也可以从其他地方中取）
token = request.query_params.get('token')
# 去数据库中查询
ret = models.UserToken.objects.filter(token=token)
if ret:
# 可以查到，说明认证通过，返回空
return None
# 否则会报异常
raise exceptions.APIException('认证失败')-全局使用
-在setting中配置:
使django支持 framework
在settings.py中的INSTALLED_APPS字段添加：
"rest_framework"
REST_FRAMEWORK={
'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES':['app01.MyAuth.LoginAuth',],
}-局部禁用，views.py中有:
认证组件，局部禁用 authentication_classes = []
三、权限组建
用户身份不同，权限也不同
urls.py
url(r'^login/', views.Login.as_view()), url(r'^books/', views.Books.as_view()), url(r'^authors/', views.Authors.as_view()), url(r'^users/', views.User.as_view()),
views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import JsonResponse
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from app01 import models
import hashlib
import time
from django.core.exceptions import ObjectDoesNotExist
from app01 import MySerializer
# Create your views here.
def get_token(name):
# 生成一个md5对象
md5 = hashlib.md5()
# 往里添加值,必须是bytes格式
# time.time()生成时间戳类型,转成字符串,再encode转成bytes格式
md5.update(str(time.time()).encode('utf-8'))
md5.update(name.encode('utf-8'))
return md5.hexdigest()
class Login(APIView):
authentication_classes = []
permission_classes = []
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
response = {'status': 100, 'msg': '登录成功'}
name = request.data.get('name')
pwd = request.data.get('pwd')
try:
user = models.UserInfo.objects.get(name=name, pwd=pwd)
# 校验通过,登录成功,生成一个随机字符串(身份标识)token
token = get_token(name)
# 保存到数据库
# update_or_create更新或者创建
models.UserToken.objects.update_or_create(user=user, defaults={'token': token})
response['token'] = token
except ObjectDoesNotExist as e:
response['status'] = 101
response['msg'] = '用户名或密码错误'
except Exception as e:
response['status'] = 102
# response['msg']='未知错误'
response['msg'] = str(e)
return JsonResponse(response, safe=False)
from rest_framework import exceptions
from app01.MyAuth import LoginAuth
from rest_framework.request import Request
class Books(APIView):
# 列表中类型不能加括号
# 认证组件局部使用
# authentication_classes = [LoginAuth, ]
# 认证组件，局部禁用 authentication_classes = []
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
response = {'status': 100, 'msg': '查询成功'}
ret = models.Book.objects.all()
book_ser = MySerializer.BookSerializer(ret, many=True)
response['data'] = book_ser.data
return JsonResponse(response, safe=False)
# 只能超级用户可以查看作者详情，其他人不能看
from app01.MyAuth import UserPermission
class Authors(APIView):
# 局部使用
# permission_classes = [UserPermission,]
# 局部禁用
# permission_classes = []
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
response = {'status': 100, 'msg': '查询成功'}
ret = models.Author.objects.all()
ser = MySerializer.AuthorSerializer(ret, many=True)
response['data'] = ser.data
return JsonResponse(response, safe=False)
class User(APIView):
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
response = {'status': 100, 'msg': '查询成功'}
ret = models.UserInfo.objects.all()
ser = MySerializer.UserSer(ret, many=True)
response['data'] = ser.data
return JsonResponse(response, safe=False)settings.py中添加：
# 认证组件全局使用
REST_FRAMEWORK={
'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES':['app01.MyAuth.LoginAuth',],
'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES':['app01.MyAuth.UserPermission',],
}app01/MyAuth.py
from rest_framework import exceptions
from app01 import models
from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication
# 用dnf 认证，写一个类
class LoginAuth(BaseAuthentication):
# 函数名必须叫这个名字，接收必须两个参数，第二个参数是request对像
def authenticate(self, request):
# 从request对像中取出token （也可以从其他地方中取）
token = request.query_params.get('token')
print(token)
# 去数据库中查询
ret = models.UserToken.objects.filter(token=token).first()
print(ret)
if ret:
# 可以查到，说明认证通过，返回空
return ret.user, ret
# 否则会报异常
raise exceptions.APIException('认证失败')
from rest_framework.permissions import BasePermission
class UserPermission(BasePermission):
# message是出错显示的中文
message = '没权限查看'
def has_permission(self, request,view):
print(request.user)
user_type = request.user.user_type
print(user_type)
# 取出用户类型对应的文字
# 固定用法:get_字段名字_display()
user_type_name = request.user.get_user_type_display()
print(user_type_name)
if user_type == 2:
return True
else:
return Falseapp01/MySerializer.py
from rest_framework import serializers from app01 import models class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = models.Book fields = '__all__' class AuthorSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = models.Author fields = '__all__' class UserSer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = models.UserInfo fields='__all__' # 显示用户类型以中文显示 user_type=serializers.CharField(source='get_user_type_display') # 上面一句话就ok # user_type=serializers.SerializerMethodField() # def get_user_type(self,obj): # return obj.get_user_type_display()
models.py
from django.db import models # Create your models here. # 用户信息 class UserInfo(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=32) # 写choice user_choice = ((0, '普通用户'), (1, '会员'), (2, '超级用户')) # 指定choice,可以快速的通过数字,取出文字 user_type = models.IntegerField(choices=user_choice, default=0) pwd = models.CharField(max_length=32) # 用户token class UserToken(models.Model): token = models.CharField(max_length=64) user = models.OneToOneField(to=UserInfo) class Book(models.Model): nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) name = models.CharField(max_length=32) price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2) publish_date = models.DateField() publish = models.ForeignKey(to='Publish', to_field='nid', on_delete=models.CASCADE) authors = models.ManyToManyField(to='Author') def __str__(self): return self.name class Author(models.Model): nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) name = models.CharField(max_length=32) age = models.IntegerField() author_detail = models.OneToOneField(to='AuthorDatail', to_field='nid', unique=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE) class AuthorDatail(models.Model): nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) telephone = models.BigIntegerField() birthday = models.DateField() addr = models.CharField(max_length=64) class Publish(models.Model): nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) name = models.CharField(max_length=32) city = models.CharField(max_length=32) email = models.EmailField() def __str__(self): return self.name def test(self): return self.email
数据库中添加数据：
使用Postman来登录用户获取token：
使用Postman 中的"s_jun"（只有超级用户有权限查看，其他人没有权限查看）用户的token测试：
其他用户的token查看：
使用postman 查看用户身份类型以及中文方式显示
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