创建simplecmdb项目
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一、创建项目simplecmdb,创建一个应用,startapp hostinfo,在setting中添加应用
[root@133 ]# cd /opt/python/django/ [root@133 django]# django-admin.py startproject simplecmdb [root@133 django]# cd simplecmdb/ [root@133 simplecmdb]# ls manage.py simplecmdb [root@133 simplecmdb]# python manage.py startapp hostinfo [root@133 simplecmdb]# cd simplecmdb/ [root@133 simplecmdb]# vim settings.py #添加app应用:hostinfo INSTALLED_APPS = ( 'hostinfo', ) #注释这一行,允许使用第三方的中间键 MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = ( #'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware', ) #修改语言编码和时区 LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-cn' TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai' [root@133 django]# cd /opt/python/django/simplecmdb/ [root@133 simplecmdb]# ll 总用量 12 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 1月 4 11:13 hostinfo -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 253 1月 4 11:12 manage.py drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 1月 4 14:31 simplecmdb #启动server [root@133 simplecmdb]# nohup python manage.py runserver 112.65.140.133:8080 &[root@133 simplecmdb]# python manage.py runserver 112.65.140.133:8080 Validating models... 0 errors found January 04, 2017 - 14:33:01 Django version 1.6.5, using settings 'simplecmdb.settings' Starting development server at http://112.65.140.133:8080/ Quit the server with CONTROL-C.
浏览器访问ok:http://11.65.140.13:8080/

二、创建数据模型,在hostinfo中定义数据模型
[root@133 simplecmdb]# cd /opt/python/django/simplecmdb/hostinfo/ [root@133 hostinfo]# ll 总用量 28 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 63 1月 4 11:13 admin.py -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 194 1月 4 14:33 admin.pyc -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 1月 4 11:13 __init__.py -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 137 1月 4 14:33 __init__.pyc -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 57 1月 4 11:13 models.py -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 191 1月 4 14:33 models.pyc -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 60 1月 4 11:13 tests.py -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 63 1月 4 11:13 views.py [root@133 hostinfo]# vim models.py from django.db import models # Create your models here. class Host(models.Model): hostname = models.CharField(max_length = 50) ip = models.IPAddressField() vendor = models.CharField(max_length = 50) product = models.CharField(max_length = 50) sn = models.CharField(max_length = 50) cpu_model = models.CharField(max_length = 50) cpu_num = models.IntegerField(max_length = 50) memory = models.CharField(max_length= 50) osver = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
初始化数据模型,即将数据模型保存到数据库中
#检查错误 [root@133 simplecmdb]# python manage.py validate 0 errors found #查看同步将会执行的sql [root@133 simplecmdb]# python manage.py sqlall hostinfo BEGIN; CREATE TABLE "hostinfo_host" ( "id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, "hostname" varchar(50) NOT NULL, "ip" char(15) NOT NULL, "vendor" varchar(50) NOT NULL, "product" varchar(50) NOT NULL, "sn" varchar(50) NOT NULL, "cpu_model" varchar(50) NOT NULL, "cpu_num" integer NOT NULL, "memory" varchar(50) NOT NULL, "osver" varchar(50) NOT NULL ) ; COMMIT; #同步models到sql [root@133 simplecmdb]# python manage.py syncdb Creating tables ... Creating table django_admin_log Creating table auth_permission Creating table auth_group_permissions Creating table auth_group Creating table auth_user_groups Creating table auth_user_user_permissions Creating table auth_user Creating table django_content_type Creating table django_session Creating table hostinfo_host You just installed Django's auth system, which means you don't have any superusers defined. Would you like to create one now? (yes/no): yes Username (leave blank to use 'root'): root #用户 Email address: david-dai@zamplus.com #邮箱 Password: #输入密码 Password (again): Superuser created successfully. Installing custom SQL ... Installing indexes ... Installed 0 object(s) from 0 fixture(s)
打开admin页面,输入用户名和密码登录,但是看不到host页面,
如果需要看到host页面,需要注册host class,把需要显示的字段在admin.py中定义,并且在admin.site.register中注册

[root@133 simplecmdb]# cd /opt/python/django/simplecmdb/hostinfo/ [root@133 hostinfo]# vim admin.py from django.contrib import admin from hostinfo.models import Host #导入hostinfo目录下的models.py这个模块 # Register your models here.#把需要显示的字段定义好,才能在web页面上显示出来 class HostAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = [ 'hostname', 'ip', 'cpu_model', 'cpu_num', 'memory', 'vendor', 'product', 'osver', 'sn' ] admin.site.register(Host, HostAdmin)
注册之后,发现Host在页面上显示了

点击添加host,增加了host的配置,然后点击保存,即可显示相关的信息。


错误记录:
在定义models.py中定义字段的时候,vendor错误写成了vender,导致后面页面去数据库取数据找不到vendor字段,报错
解决办法:
1、删除db.sqlite3
2、修改models.py,vender修改为vendor,重新初始化sqlite3数据库
三、定义url访问路径(mvc中的c,正则表达式,当用户访问/hostinfo/collect 这个url,让hostinfo应用中的views中的collect函数处理
[root@133 simplecmdb]# vim urls.py
from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url
from django.contrib import admin
admin.autodiscover()
urlpatterns = patterns('',
# Examples:
# url(r'^$', 'simplecmdb.views.home', name='home'),
# url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls')),
url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
url(r'^hostinfo/collect/$','hostinfo.views.collect'),#
)四、views.py定义访问的方法
[root@133 simplecmdb]# vim /opt/python/django/simplecmdb/hostinfo/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse
from hostinfo.models import Host
# Create your views here.
def collect(req):
if req.POST:
hostname = req.POST.get('hostname')
ip = req.POST.get('ip')
osver = req.POST.get('osver')
vendor = req.POST.get('vendor')
product = req.POST.get('product')
cpu_model = req.POST.get('cpu_model')
cpu_num = req.POST.get('cpu_num')
memory = req.POST.get('memory')
sn = req.POST.get('sn')
host = Host()
host.hostname = hostname
host.ip = ip
host.osver = osver
host.vendor = vendor
host.product = product
host.cpu_model = cpu_model
host.cpu_num = cpu_num
host.memory = memory
host.sn = sn
host.save()
return HttpResponse('OK')
else:
return HttpResponse('no data')
#使用curl方法,传递参数,用get得到参数
[root@133 hostinfo]# curl -d hostname='node02' -d ip='192.168.1.2' -d osver='Centos6.5' -d vendor='HP' -d product='BL 380' -d sn='##$$123' -d cpu_model='Intel' -d cpu_num=16 -d memory='32G' http://112.65.140.133:8080/hostinfo/collect/
OK

1、使用shell添加主机,shell脚本里面就是curl命令,查看页面,结果显示node03已经添加
[root@133 django]# cd /opt/python/django/ [root@133 django]# vim data.sh curl -d hostname='node03' -d ip='192.168.1.3' -d osver='Centos6.5' -d vendor='HP' -d product='BL 380' -d sn='##$$123' -d cpu_model='Intel' -d cpu_num=16 -d memory='32G' [root@133 django]# sh data.sh OK

2、python下urllib,urllib2,httplib方法传递数据 ,查看node04传递成功
[root@133 django]# ipython In [4]: import urllib, urllib2 In [5]: help(urllib2.urlopen) Help on function urlopen in module urllib2: urlopen(url, data=None, timeout=

3、修改python脚本,直接修改将收集到的系统信息发送到服务器
[root@133 django]# cat sysinformation.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
import urllib,urllib2 #导入urllib模块
from subprocess import Popen,PIPE
def getIfconfig():
p = Popen(['ifconfig'], stdout=PIPE)
data = p.stdout.read()
return data
def getDmi():
p = Popen(['dmidecode'], stdout = PIPE)
data = p.stdout.read()
return data
def parseData(data):
parsed_data = []
new_line = ''
data = [i for i in data.split('\n') if i ]
for line in data:
if line[0].strip():
parsed_data.append(new_line)
new_line = line + '\n'
else:
new_line +=line + '\n'
parsed_data.append(new_line)
return parsed_data
def parseIfconfig(parsed_data):
dic = {}
tuple_addr= ('lo','vir','vnet','em3','em4')
parsed_data = [i for i in parsed_data if i and not i.startswith(tuple_addr)]
for lines in parsed_data:
line_list = lines.split('\n')
devname = line_list[0].split()[0]
macaddr = line_list[0].split()[-1]
ipaddr = line_list[1].split()[1].split(':')[1]
break
dic['ip'] = devname,ipaddr,macaddr
return dic
def parseDmi(parsed_data):
dic = {}
parsed_data = [i for i in parsed_data if i.startswith('System Information')]
parsed_data = [i for i in parsed_data[0].split('\n')[1:] if i]
dmi_dic = dict ([i.strip().split(':') for i in parsed_data])
dic ['vendor'] = dmi_dic['Manufacturer'].strip()
dic ['product'] = dmi_dic['Product Name'].strip()
dic ['sn'] = dmi_dic['Serial Number'].strip()
return dic
def getHostname(f):
with open(f) as fd:
for line in fd:
if line.startswith('HOSTNAME'):
hostname = line.split('=')[1].strip()
break
return {'hostname':hostname}
def getOSver(f):
with open(f) as fd:
for line in fd:
osver = line.strip()
break
return {'osver':osver}
def getCpu(f):
num = 0
with open(f) as fd:
for line in fd:
if line.startswith('processor'):
num +=1
if line.startswith('model name'):
cpu_model = line.split(':')[1].split()
cpu_model = cpu_model[0] + ' '+cpu_model[-1]
return {'cpu_num':num, 'cpu_model':cpu_model}
def getMemory(f):
with open(f) as fd:
for line in fd:
if line.startswith('MemTotal'):
mem = int(line.split()[1].strip())
break
mem = "%s" % int(mem/1024.0)+'M'
return {'memory':mem}
if __name__ == "__main__":
dic = {}
data_ip = getIfconfig()
parsed_data_ip = parseData(data_ip)
ip = parseIfconfig(parsed_data_ip)
data_dmi = getDmi()
parsed_data_dmi = parseData(data_dmi)
dmi = parseDmi(parsed_data_dmi)
hostname = getHostname('/etc/sysconfig/network')
osver = getOSver('/etc/issue')
cpu = getCpu('/proc/cpuinfo')
mem = getMemory('/proc/meminfo')
dic.update(ip)
dic.update(dmi)
dic.update(hostname)
dic.update(cpu)
dic.update(mem)
dic.update(osver)
#将字典dic内容转换为urlencode格式,并用urlopen打开网页并传递数据,使用req.read()返回结果
d = urllib.urlencode(dic)
req = urllib2.urlopen('http://112.65.140.133:8080/hostinfo/collect/',d)
print req.read()
[root@133 django]# python sysinformation.py
OK网页查看,真实的系统信息已经收集到了

五、对收集的主机信息进行分组管理
创建HostGroup表,models.py
[root@133 simplecmdb]# cd /opt/python/django/simplecmdb/hostinfo/
[root@133 hostinfo]# ll
总用量 32
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 405 1月 4 15:38 admin.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 669 1月 4 16:10 admin.pyc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 1月 4 11:13 __init__.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 137 1月 4 14:33 __init__.pyc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 498 1月 4 15:25 models.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 738 1月 4 15:25 models.pyc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 60 1月 4 11:13 tests.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1099 1月 4 17:17 views.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1115 1月 4 17:17 views.pyc
[root@133 hostinfo]# vim models.py
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Host(models.Model):
hostname = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
ip = models.IPAddressField()
vendor = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
product = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
sn = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
cpu_model = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
cpu_num = models.IntegerField(max_length = 50)
memory = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
osver = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
class HostGroup(models.Model):
groupname = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
members = models.ManyToManyField(Host)
#同步数据库,创建了2个表
[root@133 hostinfo]# cd ..
[root@133 simplecmdb]# ll
总用量 60
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 35840 1月 4 17:50 db.sqlite3
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 1月 4 20:10 hostinfo
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 253 1月 4 11:12 manage.py
-rw------- 1 root root 8640 1月 4 16:59 nohup.out
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 1月 4 18:49 simplecmdb
[root@133 simplecmdb]# python manage.py syncdb
Creating tables ...
Creating table hostinfo_hostgroup_members
Creating table hostinfo_hostgroup
Installing custom SQL ...
Installing indexes ...
Installed 0 object(s) from 0 fixture(s)
[root@133 simplecmdb]# ll
总用量 68
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41984 1月 4 20:10 db.sqlite3
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 1月 4 20:10 hostinfo
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 253 1月 4 11:12 manage.py
-rw------- 1 root root 8640 1月 4 16:59 nohup.out
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 1月 4 18:49 simplecmdb
[root@133 simplecmdb]# sqlite3 db.sqlite3
SQLite version 3.6.20
Enter ".help" for instructions
Enter SQL statements terminated with a ";"
sqlite> .tables
auth_group django_admin_log
auth_group_permissions django_content_type
auth_permission django_session
auth_user hostinfo_host
auth_user_groups hostinfo_hostgroup
auth_user_user_permissions hostinfo_hostgroup_members
sqlite> .schema hostinfo_hostgroup
CREATE TABLE "hostinfo_hostgroup" (
"id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
"groupname" varchar(50) NOT NULL
);
sqlite> .schema hostinfo_hostgroup_members
CREATE TABLE "hostinfo_hostgroup_members" (
"id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
"hostgroup_id" integer NOT NULL,
"host_id" integer NOT NULL REFERENCES "hostinfo_host" ("id"),
UNIQUE ("hostgroup_id", "host_id")
);
CREATE INDEX "hostinfo_hostgroup_members_27f00f5d" ON "hostinfo_hostgroup_members" ("host_id");
CREATE INDEX "hostinfo_hostgroup_members_521bb4b0" ON "hostinfo_hostgroup_members" ("hostgroup_id");
sqlite>
sqlite> .exit注册数据库,admin.py
[root@133 hostinfo]# vim /opt/python/django/simplecmdb/hostinfo/admin.py from django.contrib import admin from hostinfo.models import Host,HostGroup # Register your models here. class HostAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = [ 'hostname', 'ip', 'cpu_model', 'cpu_num', 'memory', 'vendor', 'product', 'osver', 'sn' ] class HostGroupAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ['groupname'] admin.site.register(Host, HostAdmin) admin.site.register(HostGroup,HostGroupAdmin)
可以看到Host groups组

如果需要分组的时候显示主机名hostname,需要在modles中继承并重写self方法
[root@133 hostinfo]# vim /opt/python/django/simplecmdb/hostinfo/models.py from django.db import models # Create your models here. class Host(models.Model): hostname = models.CharField(max_length = 50) ip = models.IPAddressField() vendor = models.CharField(max_length = 50) product = models.CharField(max_length = 50) sn = models.CharField(max_length = 50) cpu_model = models.CharField(max_length = 50) cpu_num = models.IntegerField(max_length = 50) memory = models.CharField(max_length = 50) osver = models.CharField(max_length = 50) #这里指定使用hostname显示 def __unicode__(self): return self.hostname class HostGroup(models.Model): groupname = models.CharField(max_length = 50) members = models.ManyToManyField(Host)

问题:关于def __unicode__(self): 他的作用是什么是啊,这return hostname 可是怎么和下边的函数HostGroup 关联起来的呢?
主机与主机组是通过members = models.ManyToManyField(Host)这个字段关联起来的。
def __unicode__(self)它的作用与在类里重写__str__()这个方法是一样的。让类返回一个字节串,否则members显示的是对象。
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