如何在Java-web中使用RSA进行加密解密操作
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代码如下:
package com.jb.test;
import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
import java.security.KeyPair;
import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.PrivateKey;
import java.security.PublicKey;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import javax.crypto.BadPaddingException;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException;
import javax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException;
import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Hex;
public class RSAEntry {
/**
* @Title: main
* @Description: RSA加密算法,解密算法
* @param args
* void
* @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException
* @throws NoSuchPaddingException
* @throws InvalidKeyException
* @throws BadPaddingException
* @throws IllegalBlockSizeException
*
* @throws
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, NoSuchPaddingException, InvalidKeyException, IllegalBlockSizeException, BadPaddingException {
// Security.getProviders();//获取所有支持的加密算法
//采用非对称加密解密算法
//生成密钥实例
KeyPairGenerator keygen = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA");
SecureRandom random = new SecureRandom();
random.setSeed(System.currentTimeMillis());//设置随机种子
keygen.initialize(512, random);//设置密钥长度,应为64的整数倍
//生成密钥公钥对
KeyPair keyPair = keygen.generateKeyPair();
//获取公钥
PublicKey pubkey = keyPair.getPublic();
//获取私钥
PrivateKey prikey = keyPair.getPrivate();
//测试数据
String data = "测试数据";
//使用公钥进行加密
//构建加密解密类
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, pubkey);//设置为加密模式
byte[] jmdata = cipher.doFinal(data.getBytes());
//打印加密后数据
System.out.println(new String(Hex.encodeHex(jmdata)));
//改为解密模式进行解密
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, prikey);//会用私钥解密
jmdata = cipher.doFinal(jmdata);
System.out.println(new String(jmdata));
}
}在web应用中,我们可以通过js进行前端加密,java进行后台解密,已达到我们的目的。这里需要注意的是,要想实现正确的加密解密算法,需要使用bcprov-ext-jdk15on-147.jar。
首先创建系统的密钥提供者:
package com.jb.test;
import java.security.KeyPair;
import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;
import java.security.PrivateKey;
import java.security.PublicKey;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Hex;
import org.bouncycastle.jcajce.provider.asymmetric.rsa.BCRSAPublicKey;
import org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider;
/**
* RSA初始化类
* @author nmm
* 结合前台的js使用的话,主要需要指定密钥提供者,即引入bcprov-ext-jdk15on-147.jar并使用其中的提供者
*/
public class RsaInitUtil {
private static KeyPair keyPair;
private static RsaInitUtil util;
private RsaInitUtil(){
try {
if(keyPair == null) {
//如果想要能够解密js的加密文件,使用此提供者是必须的
KeyPairGenerator keygen = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA", new BouncyCastleProvider());
SecureRandom random = new SecureRandom();
random.setSeed(System.currentTimeMillis());
keygen.initialize(512, random);//设置512位长度
keyPair = keygen.generateKeyPair();
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static RsaInitUtil getInstance(){
synchronized ("rsa") {
if(util == null) {
util = new RsaInitUtil();
}
}
return util;
}
/**
*
* 功能说明:[获取公钥]
* @return
* 创建者:Nmm, Aug 19, 2013
*/
public PublicKey getPublicKey(){
return keyPair.getPublic();
}
public PrivateKey getPrivateKey(){
return keyPair.getPrivate();
}
/**
*
* 功能说明:[获取公钥字符串]
* @return
* 创建者:Nmm, Aug 19, 2013
*/
public String getPublicKeyStr(){
//根据我们的提供者,这里获取的是该类型公钥
BCRSAPublicKey pk = (BCRSAPublicKey) getPublicKey();
String str = new String(Hex.encodeHex(pk.getModulus().toByteArray()));
System.out.println(str);
//获取入口10001一般都为这个
String ss = new String(Hex.encodeHex(pk.getPublicExponent().toByteArray()));
//获取转换字符串
System.out.println(b2Hex(pk.getModulus().toByteArray()));
return ss + str;
}
/**
*
* 功能说明:[手动转换]
* @param byteArray
* @return
* 创建者:Nmm, Aug 19, 2013
*/
private String b2Hex(byte[] byteArray) {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for(int i = 0; i < byteArray.length; i++ ) {
int zhz = byteArray[i];
if(zhz < 0) {
zhz += 256;
}
if(zhz < 16) {
sb.append("0");
}
sb.append(Integer.toHexString(zhz));
}
return sb.toString();
}
}前台引入RSA.js,BigInt.js和Barrett.js并采用如下方法加密:
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <%@page import="com.jb.test.RsaInitUtil"%> <% RsaInitUtil rsa = RsaInitUtil.getInstance(); String my = rsa.getPublicKeyStr(); String exp = my.substring(0,6); String mou = my.substring(6); %>RSA测试
后台解密算法为:
package com.jb.test;
import java.net.URLDecoder;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException;
import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Hex;
import org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
/**
* Rsa加密的控制层
* @author nmm
*
*/
@Controller("rsaController")
public class RsaController {
private RsaInitUtil rsaUtil = RsaInitUtil.getInstance();
/**
*
* 功能说明:[解密方法]
* @param res
* 创建者:Nmm, Aug 19, 2013
* @throws NoSuchPaddingException
* @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException
*/
@RequestMapping("rsaDecTry.do")
public void decodeTry(String res) throws Exception {
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA",new BouncyCastleProvider());//必须指定此提供者
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, rsaUtil.getPrivateKey());
System.out.println(res);
byte[] buff = cipher.doFinal(Hex.decodeHex(res.toCharArray()));
//将字符串转为字符
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(new String(buff,"UTF-8"));
//解密后的内容是倒叙的
sb.reverse();
//进行URL解密,主要是为了中文乱码问题
String result = URLDecoder.decode(sb.toString(), "UTF-8");
System.out.println(result);
}
}至此可完成,整个加密解密过程,下面大家可以把rsa相关的内容全部整合到一个工具类中,不用想这里处理。
下面为RSA加密解密工具类:
package com.jb.framework.filter; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.ObjectInputStream; import java.io.ObjectOutputStream; import java.math.BigInteger; import java.net.URLDecoder; import java.security.KeyFactory; import java.security.KeyPair; import java.security.KeyPairGenerator; import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException; import java.security.PrivateKey; import java.security.PublicKey; import java.security.SecureRandom; import java.security.spec.RSAPrivateKeySpec; import java.security.spec.RSAPublicKeySpec; import java.util.Calendar; import javax.crypto.Cipher; import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Hex; import org.bouncycastle.jcajce.provider.asymmetric.rsa.BCRSAPublicKey; import org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider; /** * * @Package: com.jb.framework.filter
* @ClassName: RSAUtil
* @Description: RSA加密工具类,这里我们是每次系统启动时声称一套公钥,私钥,因此不能将加密串存入数据库中,如果要这么做可以预先生成密钥队写入到文件中
*/ public class RSAUtil { private RSAUtil(){} public static final String keyPubFile = "rsaPubKey.bin"; public static final String keyPriFile = "rsaPriKey.bin"; private static RSAUtil rsa; //密钥生成器 private PublicKey publicKey; //密钥队 private PrivateKey privateKey; public static RSAUtil getInstance(){ synchronized ("rsa") { if(rsa == null) { rsa = new RSAUtil(); rsa.init(); } } return rsa; } /** * * @Title: init * @Description: 初始化方法 * void * @throws */ private void init() { //构建RSA算法 try { KeyPairGenerator kengen = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA",new BouncyCastleProvider()); //构建随机种子 SecureRandom random = new SecureRandom(); random.setSeed(Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis()); kengen.initialize(512, random);//采用512位加密 KeyPair keyPair = kengen.generateKeyPair(); publicKey = keyPair.getPublic(); privateKey = keyPair.getPrivate(); } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } /** * * @Title: getPublicKey * @Description: 获取公钥 * @return * PublicKey * @throws */ public PublicKey getPublicKey(){ return this.publicKey; } /** * * @Title: getPrivateKey * @Description: 获取私钥 * @return * PrivateKey * @throws */ public PrivateKey getPrivateKey(){ return this.privateKey; } /** * * @Title: getPublicKeyStr * @Description: 获取系统公钥字符串,前6位为exponentk,后面为modlus * @return * String * @throws */ public String getPublicKeyStr(){ BCRSAPublicKey pk = (BCRSAPublicKey) getPublicKey(); String pubStr = ""; pubStr += b2hex(pk.getPublicExponent().toByteArray()); pubStr += b2hex(pk.getModulus().toByteArray()); return pubStr; } /** * * @Title: entryText * @Description: 使用默认公钥进行加密 * @param text * @return * String * @throws */ public String encryText(String text) { return encryText(text,getPublicKey()); } /** * * @Title: entryText * @Description: 使用指定公钥进行加密,解决长字符串加密 * @param text * @param publicKey2 * @return * String * @throws */ public String encryText(String text, PublicKey pk) { try { Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA",new BouncyCastleProvider()); cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, pk); int block = cipher.getBlockSize();//获取最大加密块 int j = 0; StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); byte[] targetData = text.getBytes("UTF-8"); while (targetData.length - j*block > 0) { byte[] jmdata = cipher.doFinal(targetData,j*block,Math.min(targetData.length - j*block, block)); sb.append(b2hex(jmdata)); j++; } return sb.toString(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return null; } /** * * @Title: decryText * @Description: 使用默认的私钥进行解密解密算法 * @param text * @return * String * @throws */ public String decryText(String text) { return decryText(text,getPrivateKey()); } /** * * @Title: decryText * @Description: 指定私钥进行解密,增加对于大字符串的解密操作 * @param text * @param privateKey2 * @return * String * @throws */ public String decryText(String text, PrivateKey pk) { try { Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA", new BouncyCastleProvider()); cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, pk); byte[] targetBuff = Hex.decodeHex(text.replace(" ", "").toCharArray()); int block = cipher.getBlockSize(); int j = 0; StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); while (targetBuff.length - j * block > 0) { byte[] jmdata = cipher.doFinal(targetBuff,j*block,block); sb.append(new String(jmdata,"UTF-8")); j++; } return sb.toString(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return null; } /** * * @Title: decryTextByUrl * @Description: 解密前台传递的加密串,为防止中文乱码,前台字符串最好使用encodeURIComponent方法进行url编码 * @param text * @return * String * @throws */ public String decryTextByUrl(String text) { try { Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA", new BouncyCastleProvider()); cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, getPrivateKey()); byte[] targetBuff = Hex.decodeHex(text.replace(" ", "").toCharArray()); int block = cipher.getBlockSize(); int j = 0; StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); while (targetBuff.length - j * block > 0) {//处理大字符串的加密解密处理 byte[] jmdata = cipher.doFinal(targetBuff,j*block,block); sb.append(new StringBuilder(new String(jmdata,"UTF-8")).reverse()); j++; } String res = URLDecoder.decode(sb.toString(), "UTF-8"); return res; } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return null; } /** * * @Title: createPubKey * @Description: 根据指定的幂和模式生成公钥 * @param exponent * @param modules * @return * PublicKey * @throws */ public PublicKey createPubKey(byte[] exponent,byte[]modules) { try { KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA", new BouncyCastleProvider()); RSAPublicKeySpec rsaKs = new RSAPublicKeySpec(new BigInteger(modules),new BigInteger(exponent)); return keyFactory.generatePublic(rsaKs); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return null; } /** * * @Title: createPubKey * @Description: 根据指定的幂和模式生成公钥 * @param exponent * @param modules * @return * PublicKey * @throws */ public PrivateKey createPriKey(byte[] exponent,byte[]modules) { try { KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA", new BouncyCastleProvider()); RSAPrivateKeySpec rsaKs = new RSAPrivateKeySpec(new BigInteger(modules),new BigInteger(exponent)); return keyFactory.generatePrivate(rsaKs); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return null; } /** * * @Title: saveKeyToFile * @Description: 保存公钥和私钥到文件中 * void * @throws */ public void saveKeyToFile() { PublicKey pk = getPublicKey(); PrivateKey prik = getPrivateKey(); String path = RSAUtil.class.getClassLoader().getResource("").getPath(); ObjectOutputStream outPub = null; ObjectOutputStream outPri = null; try { System.out.println(path + keyPubFile); outPub = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(path + keyPubFile)); outPri = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(path + keyPriFile)); outPub.writeObject(pk); outPri.writeObject(prik); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally { try { outPub.close(); outPri.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } /** * * @Title: readKey * @Description: 读取密钥 * @param isPub * @return * Object * @throws */ public Object readKey(boolean isPub) { String path = RSAUtil.class.getClassLoader().getResource("").getPath(); ObjectInputStream in = null; try { if(isPub) { path += keyPubFile; in = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(path)); PublicKey pk = (PublicKey) in.readObject(); return pk; }else { path += keyPriFile; in = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(path)); PrivateKey pk = (PrivateKey) in.readObject(); return pk; } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally { try { in.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } return null; } /** * * @Title: b2hex * @Description: 将二进制转为16进制字符串 * @param buff * @return * String * @throws */ public String b2hex(byte[] buff) { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); for(int i = 0; i < buff.length; i++) { int z = buff[i]; if(z < 0) { z+= 256; } if(z < 16) { sb.append("0"); } sb.append(Integer.toHexString(z)); } return sb.toString(); } }
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