编程语言中数据结构之二叉树递归与非递归的示例分析-创新互联
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数据结构 二叉树的递归与非递归
实例代码:
#include#include #include #include using namespace std; template struct BinaryTreeNode { BinaryTreeNode * _left; BinaryTreeNode * _right; T _data; BinaryTreeNode(const T& x) :_left(NULL) , _right(NULL) , _data(x) {} }; template class BinaryTree { typedef BinaryTreeNode Node; public: BinaryTree() :_root(NULL) {} BinaryTree(T* a, size_t n, const T& invalid) { size_t index = 0; _root=CreateTree(a, n, invalid, index); } BinaryTree(const BinaryTree & t) { _root = _Copy(t._root); } BinaryTree & operator=( BinaryTree & t) { swap(_root,t._root); return *this; } ~BinaryTree() { _DestroyTree(_root); } Node* CreateTree(const T* a, size_t n, const T& invalid, size_t& index) { assert(a); Node* root = NULL; if (index < n && a[index] != invalid) { root = new Node(a[index]); root->_left = CreateTree(a, n, invalid, ++index); root->_right = CreateTree(a, n, invalid, ++index); } return root; }
先序遍历(递归法)
void PrevOrder()
{
_PrevOrder(_root);
cout << endl;
}
//先序遍历非递归
void PrevOrderNorR( )
{
Node* cur = _root;
stack< Node* >s;
while (cur||!s.empty())
{
while (cur)
{
cout << cur->_data << " ";
s.push(cur);
cur = cur->_left;
}
Node* top = s.top();
s.pop();
cur = top->_right;
}
cout << endl;
}后序遍历
void PostOrder()
{
_PostOrder(_root);
cout << endl;
}
//后序遍历非递归
void PostOrderNorR()
{
Node* cur = _root;
Node* prev = NULL;
stack< Node* >s;
while (cur || !s.empty())
{
while (cur)
{
s.push(cur);
cur = cur->_left;
}
Node* top = s.top();
if (NULL==top->_right && prev==top->_right)
{
cout << top->_data << " ";
s.pop();
prev = top;
}
cur = top->_right;
}
cout << endl;
}
//中序遍历
void InOrder()
{
_InOrder(_root);
cout << endl;
}
//中序遍历非递归
void InOrderNorR()
{
Node* cur = _root;
stack< Node* >s;
while (cur || !s.empty())
{
while (cur)
{
s.push(cur);
cur = cur->_left;
}
Node* top = s.top();
s.pop();
cout << top->_data << " ";
cur = top->_right;
}
cout << endl;
}
//节点个数
size_t Size()
{
return _Size(_root);
}
//叶子节点个数
size_t LeafSize()
{
return _LeafSize(_root);
}
//树的深度
size_t Depth()
{
return _Depth(_root);
}
size_t GetKLevel(size_t k)
{
return _GetKLevel(_root,k);
}
// 查找
Node* Find(size_t x)
{
return _Find(_root,x);
}
//层序遍历
void LevelOrder()
{
queue q;
if (_root)
{
q.push(_root);
}
while (!q.empty())
{
Node* front = q.front();
cout << front->_data << " ";
q.pop();
if (front->_left)
{
q.push(front->_left);
}
if (front->_right)
{
q.push(front->_right);
}
}
cout << endl;
}
protected:
Node* _Copy(Node* root)
{
if (root==NULL)
{
return NULL;
}
Node* NewRoot = new Node(root->_data);
NewRoot->_left = _Copy(root->_left);
NewRoot->_right = _Copy(root->_right);
return NewRoot;
}
void _DestroyTree(Node* root)
{
if (NULL==root)
{
return;
}
_DestroyTree(root->_left);
_DestroyTree(root->_right);
delete root;
}
void _PrevOrder(BinaryTreeNode* root)
{
if (root)
{
cout << root->_data << " ";
_PrevOrder(root->_left);
_PrevOrder(root->_right);
}
}
void _PostOrder(BinaryTreeNode* root)
{
if (root)
{
_PostOrder(root->_left);
_PostOrder(root->_right);
cout << root->_data << " ";
}
}
void _InOrder(BinaryTreeNode* root)
{
if (root)
{
_InOrder(root->_left);
cout << root->_data << " ";
_InOrder(root->_right);
}
}
int _Size(BinaryTreeNode* root)
{
if (root==0)
{
return 0;
}
return _Size(root->_left) + _Size(root->_right) + 1;
}
int _LeafSize(BinaryTreeNode* root)
{
if (root==NULL)
{
return 0;
}
else if (root->_left == NULL&&root->_right == NULL)
{
return 1;
}
return _LeafSize(root->_left) + _LeafSize(root->_right);
}
int _Depth(Node* root)
{
if (root==NULL)
{
return 0;
}
int left = _Depth(root->_left);
int right = _Depth(root->_right);
return left > right ? left + 1 : right + 1;
}
int _GetKLevel(Node* root, size_t k)
{
assert(k>0);
if (root==NULL)
{
return 0;
}
else if (k==1)
{
return 1;
}
return _GetKLevel(root->_left, k - 1) + _GetKLevel(root->_right, k - 1);
}
Node* _Find(Node* root, const T& x)
{
if (root==NULL)
{
return NULL;
}
if (root->_data==x)
{
return root;
}
Node* ret = _Find(root->_left,x);
if (ret != NULL)
return ret;
return _Find(root->_right, x);
}
private:
BinaryTreeNode* _root;
}; void TestBinaryTree()
{
int array[10] = { 1, 2, 3, '#', '#', 4, '#', '#', 5, 6 };
BinaryTree t1(array,sizeof(array)/sizeof(array[0]),'#');
BinaryTreet2(t1);
BinaryTree t3;
t3 = t2;
t2.LevelOrder();
t3.LevelOrder();
t1.LevelOrder();
t1.PrevOrder();
t1.PrevOrderNorR();
t1.InOrder();
t1.InOrderNorR();
t1.PostOrder();
t1.PostOrderNorR();
cout << endl;
cout << t1.Size() << endl;
cout << t1.LeafSize() << endl;
cout << t1.Depth() << endl;
cout << t1.GetKLevel(2) << endl;
cout << t1.Find(2) << endl;
} 以上是“编程语言中数据结构之二叉树递归与非递归的示例分析”这篇文章的所有内容,感谢各位的阅读!相信大家都有了一定的了解,希望分享的内容对大家有所帮助,如果还想学习更多知识,欢迎关注创新互联行业资讯频道!
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